beam A ray or shaft1 of light光柱,光束=ray
be characterized bydistinguish
barren Lacking vegetation, especially useful vegetation不毛的=infertile
balmy Mild and pleasant温和的=mild
comprise To consist of; be composed of由构成=consist of ,make up
conception Something conceived in the mind; a concept, plan, design, idea, or thought定义、计划、设计或思想=notion A mental image or representation; an idea or conception心理形象或象征;想法或构思
composed of To create or produce (a literary or musical piece)创作或制作=create
component A constituent2 element, as of a system组成要点=element, part
comparable Similar or equivalent相似或相当=similar
compile To put together or compose from materials gathered from several sources汇编=put together
community Society as a whole; the public作为整体的社会;大众。Asgroupsof plants and animals living and interacting with one another in a specific region under relatively3 similar environmental conditions共生动物群的一群植物和动物=settlement, society
commodity Something useful that can be turned to commercial or other advantage产品=goods
coincide To happen at the same time or during the same period同时发生=occur at the same time
cohesion The act, process, or condition of cohering结合=unity The combination or arrangement of partssintosa whole; unification统一
cluster To gather or growsintosbunches丛生=concentrate
classify To arrange or organize according to class or category分类=categorize
cling to v.倚赖,依赖,坚持=stick to
cite To mention or bring forward as support, illustration, or proof引证把作为支持、说明或证明而提及或提出=mention
check monitor To check the quality or content of (an electronic audio or visual signal) by means of a receiver监听,收听;To check by means of an electronic receiver for significant content, such as military, political, or illegal activity窃听
celestial Of or relating to the sky or the heavens天空的=astronomical
cease To put an end to; discontinue使停止;暂停=sTOP
capability The quality of being capable; ability能力=ability
cumbersome4 Troublesome or onerous麻烦的=burdensome
crisscross To move back and forth5 through or over交叉移动move back and forth
crawl To move slowly on the hands and knees or by dragging the body along the ground; creep爬行=creep
counterpart A copy or duplicate of a legal paper复制品=version An adaptation of a work of art or literaturesintosanother medium or style版本
counteract To oppose and mitigate6 the effects of by contrary action; check抵制,抵消=negate
core The basic or most important part; the essence核心,本质=center
conventional Conforming to established practice or accepted standards; traditional传统的=traditional
contribute to v.捐献=donate To present as a gift to a fund or cause; contribute捐赠
consumptionThe act or process of consuming消耗=eating
constrainTo keep within close bounds; confine限制=bound To set a limit to; confine限制
constituteTo found (an institution, for example)创建=make up
constituentServing as part of a whole; component组成的=component
constantlyContinually occurring; persistently持续的=continuously
conspicuousAttracting attention, as by being unusual or remarkable7; noticeable值得注意的=noticeable
consort8 with v.伴随=associate To keep company伴随
conserveTo protect from loss or harm; preserve保存,保护=retain vt.留住;保住
consequenceSomething that logically or naturally follows from an action or condition结果=result
conjectureA statement, an opinion, or a conclusion based on guesswork猜想=based on guessing
congestionTo be overfilled or overcrowded堵塞=overcrowded, crowded
conflictingTo be opposing; different对立的,不一样的=opposing, contrary
confrontTo come face to face with, especially with defiance9 or hostility面对与面对面的=face To confront with complete awareness面对
confine to To keep within bounds; restrict限制=limit, cramp10 Restrict; narrow受限制
confederacyA union of persons, parties, or states; a league网盟=ally One that is allied11 with another, especially by treaty同盟者
concealTo keep from being seen, found, observed, or discovered; hide隐藏=hide
dramaticallyArresting or forceful in appearance or effect引人注目的=striking
durableLasting; stable持久的;稳定的=lasting
domains[计]域=fields
domesticTame or domesticated12. Used of animals驯养的=tame
dominateTo enjoy a commanding, controlling position in占支配地位=be prevalent in
pergenceDifference, as of opinion建议分歧difference
perseMade up of distinct characteristics, qualities, or elements多种多样的=various
dogmaAn authoritative principle, belief, or statement of ideas or opinion, especially one considered to be absolutely true信条=belief
distinctionThe condition or fact of being dissimilar or distinct; difference差别=difference